to? b) What does the poet mean by ‘lines we read’? c) What does not differ? .
Let us remember, whenever we are told To hate our brothers, it is ourselves That we shall dispossess, betray, condemn. a) Who tells us to hate our brothers? b) What happens when we hate our brothers? c) What do we do to ourselves?
. Our hells of fire and dust outrage the innocence Of air that is everywhere our own, Remember, no men are foreign, and no countries strange. a) What outrages the innocence? b) Who are not foreign?
c) What is not strange? Literary devices: Transferred Epithet A transferred epithet is a figure of speech where an adjective or epithet describing a noun is transferred from the noun it is meant to describe to another noun in the sentence. In the lines, They, too, aware of sun and air and water, Are fed by peaceful harvests, by war's long winter starv'd. "starv'd" is an epithet which is placed beside the noun 'winter'.
However, it does not describe the 'winter' as being starved, but describes the pronoun 'they'. Historically many wars were fought during the winter, while the harvest season was essentially peaceful. 'They' refers to the soldiers in uniform who had to starve during winter while fighting for their land. e.g., Winter starv’d – transferred epithet Metaphor A figure of speech in which a word or phrase is applied to an object or action to which it is not literally applicable.
Recorded from the late 15th century, the word comes via French and Latin from Greek metaphora, from metapherein ‘to transfer’. e.g., Hells of fire - metaphor Repetition Poets often repeat single words or phrases, lines, and sometimes, even whole stanzas at intervals to create a musical effect; to emphasize a point; to draw the readers’ attention or to lend unity to a piece. In “No Men are Foreign” James Kirkup repeats the word ‘Remember’ five times in the poem to emphasize the 10th - - serious message the poem has to convey. Similarly, the last line of