2.1 Introduction

. Introduction The study of numbers has fascinated humans since several thousands of years. The discovery of Lebombo and Ishango bones which existed around 25000 years ago has confirmed the fact that humans made counting process for meeting various day to day needs. By making notches in the bones they carried out counting efficiently. Most consider that these bones were used as lunar calendar for knowing the phases of moon thereby understanding the seasons. Thus the bones were considered to be the ancient tools for counting. We have come a long way since this primitive counting method existed. It is very true that the patterns exhibited by numbers have fascinated almost all professional mathematicians’ right from the time of Pythagoras to current time. We will be discussing significant concepts provided by Euclid and continue our journey of studying Modular Arithmetic and knowing about Sequences and Finite Series. These ideas are most fundamental to your progress in mathematics for upcoming classes. It is time for us to begin our journey to understand the most fascinating part of mathematics, namely, the study of numbers.