a stack of disc like structures called a grana (singular- granum). . Grana: Thylakoids arranged in the form of discs stacked one above the other called granum. Grana are inter connected by stroma lamella.
Bulliform cells Cuticle Upper epidermis Mesophyll Bundle sheath Xylem Phloem Lower epidermis Stoma Figure . Transverse section of Monocot Leaf Each vascular bundle is surrounded by parenchymatous bundle sheath. Vascular bundles are conjoint, collateral and closed. Xylem is present towards upper epidermis and phloem towards lower epidermis.
Table . Differences between of Dicot and Monocot Leaf S. No. Dicot Leaf Monocot Leaf Dorsiventral leaf Isobilateral leaf Mesophyll is differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma Mesophyll is not differentiated into palisade and spongy parenchyma .
Plant Physiology . . Plastids Plastids are double membrane bound organelles found in plants and some algae. They are responsible for preparation and storage of food.
There are three types of plastids. Chloroplast - green coloured plastids Chromoplast - yellow, red, orange coloured plastids Leucoplast - colourless plastids Plant Anatomy and Plant Physiology . . Functions of Chloroplast .
Photosynthesis . Storage of starch . Synthesis of fatty acids . Storage of lipids .
Formation of chloroplasts . . Photosynthesis Photosynthesis (Photo = light; synthesis = to build) is a process by which autotrophic organisms like green plants, algae and chlorophyll containing bacteria utilize the energy from sunlight to synthesize their own food. In this process, carbon dioxide combines with water in the presence of sunlight and chlorophyll to form carbohydrates.
During this process oxygen is released as a byproduct. 6CO + 12H O + H O chlorophyll Light C H O + 6O ↑ Carbon dioxide + Water Glucose + Oxygen + Water . . Where does photosynthesis occur?
Photosynthesis occurs in all green parts of the plant especially in green leaves. . . Photosynthetic Pigments Pigments involved in photosynthesis are called Photosynthetic pigments.
Photosynthetic pigments are of two classes namely, the primary pigments and accessory pigments. Chlorophyll a is the primary pigment that traps solar energy and converts it into electrical and chemical