Concept Map

Concept Map Organ and Organ Systems Organ and Organ Systems LEECH RABBIT External Morphology External Morphology Metameres Annular, Segmental Receptors Moist slimy skin Anterior, Posterior Sucker Skin, Hairs, Claws and Nails Head, Trunk, Tail External Ear Sweat, Sebaceous and Mammary Glands Crop, Stomach, Intestine Cutaneous (Skin) Haemocoelomic channels Supra and Sub pharyngeal ganglion Nephridia Hermaphrodite (Testis and Ovary) Buccal cavity, Stomach, Intestine, Liver, Pancreas Pulmonary (Lungs) Heart Fore, Mid and Hind Brain Metanephric Kidney Sexual Dimorphism (Testis in Male and Ovary in Female) Digestion Respiration Circulation Brain Excretion Reproduction Introduction Multicellular organisms possess millions of cells in their body. Every cell needs a constant supply of essential substances like nutrients and oxygen to maintain life and survival. Food is the only source of energy and every cell gets its energy by the breakdown of glucose. The cells utilise this energy and govern various vital activities of life. Have you ever wondered how water and nutrients absorbed by the root are transported to the leaves? How is the food prepared by the leaves carried to the other parts of the plant? Do you know how water reaches the top of tall plants inspite of not having a circulatory system like animals? Water absorbed by the roots have to reach entire plant and the food synthesised by the leaves have to be distributed to all the parts of the plant. To understand this we need to recall the anatomy of the plants. Water and mineral salts absorbed by the roots reach all parts of the plant through the xylem. The food synthesised by the leaves are translocated to all parts of the plant through the phloem. The bulk movement of substances through the vascular tissue is called Translocation. ‘Transport’ means to carry things from one place to another. Have you ever wondered how in animals the useful substances are transported to other cells and toxic substances are removed? In larger organisms transport of nutrients, salts, oxygen, hormones and waste products around the body are performed by the ‘Circulatory system’ . The circulatory system consists of the circulating fluids, the blood and lymph and the heart and blood vessels which form the collecting and transporting system.