Newton’s second law Open the browser and type “olabs.edu.in” in the address bar. Click physics tab and then click “Newton’s second ” under class section. Go to “simulator” tab to do the experiment. Select the desired Cart mass (M ) and vertical mass (M ) using respective slider.
Also select the desired distance (s) by moving the slider. Click on the “Start” button to start the experiment. Observe the time and note it down. Calculate acceleration (a) of the cart using the formula a = 2s/t .
Find the fore due to rate of change of momentum using (M +M ) a. Calculate force F = M g. You will observe (M +M )a = M g . Hence Newton’s Second Law is verified.
Repeat the experiment with different masses. Also do this in different environment like Earth, Moon, Uranus and Jupiter. Click reset to restart the experiment. Steps INTRODUCTION Light is a form of energy which travels in the form of waves.
The path of light is called ray of light and group of these rays are called as beam of light. Any object which gives out light are termed as source of light. Some of the sources emit their own light and they are called as luminous objects. All the stars, including the Sun, are examples for luminous objects.
We all know that we are able to see objects with the help of our eyes. But, we cannot see any object in a dark room. Can you explain why? If your answer is ‘we need light to see objects’, the next question is ‘if you make the light from a torch to fall on your eyes, will you be able to see the objects?’ Definitely, ‘NO’.
We can see the objects only when the light is made to fall on the objects and the light reflected from the objects is viewed by our eyes. You would have studied about the reflection and refraction of light elaborately in your previous classes. In this chapter, we shall discuss about the scattering of light, images formed by convex and concave lenses, human eye and optical instruments such as telescopes and microscopes. .
PROPERTIES OF LIGHT Let us recall the properties of light and the important aspects on refraction of light. . Light is a form of energy. .
Light always travels along a straight line. . Light does not need any medium for its propagation. It can even travel through vacuum.
. The speed of light in vacuum or air is, c = × ms – . . Since, light is in the form of waves, it is characterized by a wavelength (λ) and a frequency (ν), which are related by the following equation: c = ν λ (c - velocity of light).