. Agriculture Agriculture is the process of producing food for people, fodder for cattle, fiber and many other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals (livestock). Determinants of Agriculture Agriculture in India is determined by a set of factors. Some of the important factors: .
Physical factors: relief, climate and soil. . Institutional factors: Size of farm holdings, land tenure, and land reforms. .
Infrastructural factors: Irrigation, power, transport, credit, market, insurance and storage facilities. . Technological factors: High yielding varieties of seeds, chemical fertilisers, insecticides and machinery. Types of Farming a) Subsistence Farming A considerable proportion of farmers in the country practice subsistence farming.
Farmers grow crops with the help of family members and consume almost the entire farm produce with a little surplus to sell in the market. Preference is given to food crops. In addition to the food crops, sugarcane, oilseeds, cotton, jute and tobacco are also cultivated. Traditional farming method results in low productivity.
b) Shifting Agriculture This type of agriculture is performed by tribal people in a piece of forest land after clearing the trees through felling and burning the trunks and branches. Once the land is Modern irrigation methods There are many ways in modern irrigation. Among them, mostly practiced in India are drip irrigation, sprinklers and rain gun and central pivot irrigation. Drip Irrigation Method It was first developed.
In this method, water is supplied in the form of drops through nassals. Water can be saved up to %. Springler Method It is the simplest and easiest method of all. In this method, water is supplied to the field from the source through the pipes, which have small holes.
It can be used in the areas of uneven surface also. Rain Gun Rain gun is used to spread water like rain. It can be used to water the crops which grow up to feet. It is useful to irrigate the crops like sugarcane and maize.
Central - Pivot Irrigation It is also called water wheel and circle irrigation. It is a method of crop irrigation