THE WORLD WAR I

THE WORLD WAR I RUSSIA (SOVIET RUSSIA) JAPAN AUSTRIA - HUNGARY BRITAIN (ENGLAND) CANADA AFRICA GERMANY FRANCE ITALY BOSNIA BELGIUM SERBIA TURKEY GREECE MOROCCO INDIA AUSTRALIA NEW ZEALAND TRIPLE ENTENTE LEGEND TRIPLE ALLIANCE BRITISH EMPIRE FRENCH EMPIRE RUSSIAN EMPIRE GERMAN EMPIRE ITALIAN EMPIRE OTHERS AUSTRIA - HUNGARIAN EMPIRE Outbreak of World War I and Its Aftermath Thus was formed the Triple Entente ( ) of Britain, France and Russia. Violent Forms of Nationalism With the growth of nationalism, the attitude of “my country right or wrong I support it” developed. The love for one country demanded hatred for another country. England’s jingoism, France’s chauvinism and Germany’s Kultur were militant forms of nationalism, contributing decisively to the outbreak of War. Aggressive Attitude of German Emperor Emperor Kaiser Wilhelm II of Germany proclaimed that Germany would be the leader of the world. The German navy was expanded. The sea being considered a preserve of England ever since Napoleon’s defeat at Trafalgar ( ), Germany’s aggressive diplomacy and rapid building of naval bases convinced Britain that a German navy could be directed only against her. Therefore, Britain embarked on a naval race, which heightened the tension between the two powers. Hostility of France towards Germany France and Germany were old rivals. Bitter memories of the defeat of and loss of Alsace and Lorraine to Germany rankled in the minds of the French. German interference in Morocco added to the bitterness. The British agreement with France over Morocco was not consented by Germany. So, Kaiser Wilhelm II, intentionally recognised the independence of the Sultan and demanded an international conference to decide on the future of Morocco. Imperial Power Politics in the Balkans The Young Turk Revolution of , an attempt at creating a strong and modern government in Turkey, provided both Austria Kaiser Wilhelm II whole of Africa was colonised. Britain, France and Belgium had divided the continent between them, leaving a few areas for Germany and Italy. Britain, France, Russia and Germany also established “spheres of influence” in China. Japan took over Korea and Taiwan. France conquered Indo-China. The US took the Philippines from Spain. Britain and Russia agreed to partition Iran. The first European attempts to carve out colonies in Africa resulted in bloody battles. The French had to fight a long and bitter war to conquer Algeria and Senegal. The British lost to the Zulus ( ) and to the Sudanese Army ( ). The Italian army suffered a devastating defeat at the hands of an Ethiopian army at Adowa ( ).