Unit - Gazalu Lakshminarasu Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu Torture Commission and the eventual abolition of the Torture Act, which justified the collection of land revenue through torture. However, by , the Madras Native Association had ceased to exist. (b) Beginnings of the Nationalist Press: The Hindu and Swadesamitran The appointment of T. Muthuswami as the first Indian Judge of the Madras High Court in created a furore in Madras Presidency.
The entire press in Madras criticized the appointment of an Indian as a Judge. The press opposed his appointment and the educated youth realized that the press was entirely owned by Europeans. The need for a newspaper to express the Indian perspective was keenly felt. G.
Subramaniam, M. Veeraraghavachari and four other friends together started a newspaper The Hindu in . It soon became the vehicle of nationalist propaganda. G.
Subramaniam also started a Tamil nationalist periodical Swadesamitran in which became a daily in . The founding of The Hindu and Swadesamitran provided encouragement to the starting of other native newspapers such as Indian Patriot , South Indian Mail, Madras Standard, Desabhimani, Vijaya, Suryodayam and India. T. Muthuswami G.
Subramaniam (c) Madras Mahajana Sabha Madras Mahajana Sabha (MMS) was the earliest organisation in South India with clear nationalist objectives. On May , MMS was started by M. Veeraraghavachari, P. Anandacharlu, P.
Rangaiah and few others. P. Rangaiah became its first president. P.
Anandacharlu played an active role as its secretary. The members met periodically, debated public issues in closed meetings, conducted hall meetings and communicated their views to the government. Its demands included conduct of simultaneous civil services examinations in England and India, abolition of the Council of India in London, reduction of taxes and reduction of civil and military expenditure. Many of its demands were adopted later by the Indian National Congress founded in .
(d) Moderate Phase Provincial associations such as the Madras Mahajana Sabha led to the formation of an all-India organisation, the Indian National Congress Leaders from different parts of India attended several meetings before the formation of the Congress. One such meeting was held in December , in Theosophical Society at Adyar. It was attended by Dadabhai Naoroji, K.T. Telang, Surendranath Banerjee and other prominent leaders apart from G.
Subramaniam, Rangaiah and Anandacharlu from Madras. Dadabhai Naoroji Gokhale The first session of the Indian National Congress was held in at Bombay. Out of a total of delegates, members were from Madras. The second session of the Indian National Congress was held in Calcutta in , with Dadabhai Naoroji in the Chair.
The third session was held at Makkis Garden, now known as the Thousand lights, in Madras in with Badruddin Tyabji Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu Badruddin Tyabji as president. Out of the all India delegates of were from Madras Presidency. Tamil Nadu was then part of the Madras Presidency which included large parts of the present-day states of Andhra Pradesh (Coastal districts and Rayalaseema), Karnataka (Bengaluru, Bellary, South Canara), Kerala (Malabar) and even Odisha (Ganjam).