Unit  -  9

Gazalu Lakshminarasu  Freedom Struggle in Tamil Nadu Torture Commission and the eventual abolition of the Torture Act, which justified the collection of land revenue through torture. However, by , the Madras Native Association had ceased to exist. (b) Beginnings of the Nationalist Press: The Hindu and Swadesamitran The appointment of T. Muthuswami as the first Indian Judge of the Madras High Court in created a furore in Madras Presidency.

The entire press in Madras criticized the appointment of an Indian as a Judge. The press opposed his appointment and the educated youth realized that the press was entirely owned by Europeans. The need for a newspaper to express the Indian perspective was keenly felt. G.

Subramaniam, M. Veeraraghavachari and four other friends together started a newspaper The Hindu in . It soon became the vehicle of nationalist propaganda. G.

Subramaniam also started a Tamil nationalist periodical Swadesamitran in which became a daily in . The founding of The Hindu and Swadesamitran provided encouragement to the starting of other native newspapers such as Indian Patriot , South