golgi vacuoles. In plants, the cisternae are - in number placed in piles separated from each other by a thin layer of inter cisternal cytoplasm often flat or curved. Peripheral edge of cisternae forms a network of tubules and vesicles. Tubules interconnect cisternae and are -50nm in dimension.
Vesicles are large round or concave sac. They are pinched off from the tubules.They are smooth/ secretary or coated type. Golgi vacuoles are large spherical structures filled with granular or amorphous substance, some function like lysosomes. Golgi apparatus compartmentalises a series of steps leading to the production of functional protein.
Figure . : Structure of Golgi apparatus Small pieces of rough endoplasmic reticulum are pinched off at the ends to form small vesicles. A number of these vesicles then join up and fuse together to make a Golgi body. Golgi complex plays a major role in post translational modification of proteins and glycosylation of lipids (Figure .
and . ). Functions: • Production of glycoproteins and glycolipids • Transporting and storing of lipids. • Formation of lysosomes.
• Production of digestive enzymes. • Cell plate and cell wall formation . Cisternae are long, broad, flat, sac like structures arranged in parallel bundles or stacks to form lamella. The space between membranes of cisternae is filled with fluid.
. Vesicles are oval membrane bound vacuolar structure. . Tubules are irregular in shape, branched, smooth walled, enclose a space Endoplasmic reticulum is associated with nuclear membrane and cell surface membrane.
It forms a network in cytoplasm and gives mechanical support to the cell. Its chemical environment enables protein folding and undergo modification necessary for their function. Misfolded proteins are pulled out and are degraded in endoplasmic reticulum. When ribosomes are present in the outer surface of the membrane it is called as rough endoplasmic reticulum(RER) , when the ribosomes are absent in the endoplasmic reticulum it is called as smooth Endoplasmic reticulum(SER) .
Rough endoplasmic reticulum is involved in protein synthesis and smooth endoplasmic reticulum are the sites of lipid synthesis. The smooth endoplasmic reticulum contains enzymes that detoxify lipid soluble drugs, certain chemicals and other