oxaloacetate undergo reductive amination and produce amino acids. . It acts as metabolic sink which plays a central role in intermediary metabolism. Mitochondrial matrix.
through Cytochrome bc Complex (Iron Sulphur center bc complex) to cytochrome c. Cytochrome c is a small protein attached to the outer surface of inner membrane and act as a mobile carrier to transfer electrons between complex III to complex IV. UQH 2Cyt c oxidised UQ 2Cyt c reduced 2H Ubiquinone and cytochrome bc complex are structurally and functionally similar to plastoquinone and cytochrome b , f complex respectively in the photosynthetic electron transport chain. .
Complex IV (Cytochome c oxidase) This complex contains two copper centers (A and B) and cytochromes a and a . Complex IV is the terminal oxidase and brings about the reduction of / O to H O. Two protons are needed to form a molecule of H O (terminal oxidation). 2Cyt coxidised 2H / O 2Cyt creduced H O The transfer of electrons from reduced coenzyme NADH to oxygen via complexes I to IV is coupled to the synthesis of ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate (Pi) which is called Oxidative phosphorylation .
The F F -ATP synthase (also called complex V) consists of F and F . F converts ADP and Pi to ATP and is attached to the matrix side of the inner membrane. F is present in inner membrane and acts as a channel through which protons come into matrix. The synthesis of glucose from certain non- carbohydrate carbon substrates such as proteins and lipids are called gluconeogenesis.
at several steps and as a result many reduced coenzymes NADH H and FADH are produced. These reduced coenzymes are transported to inner membrane of mitochondria and are converted back to their oxidised forms produce electrons and protons. In mitochondria, the inner membrane is folded in the form of finger projections towards the matrix called cristae. In