Puccinia graminis tritici Human diseases Athlete’s foot Epidermophyton floccosum Candidiasis Candida albicans Coccidioidomycosis Coccidioides immitis Aspergillosis Aspergillus fumigatus Activity . Keep a slice of bread in a clean plastic tray or plate. Wet the surface with little water. Leave the setup for or days.
Observe the mouldy growth on the surface of the bread. Using a needle remove some mycelium and place it on a slide and stain the mycelium using lactophenol cotton blue. Observe the mycelium and sporangium under the microscope and record your observation and identify the fungi and its group based on characteristic features. .
. Mycorrhizae Vesicle Epiblema Arbuscle Ectomycorrhizae Endomycorrhizae Mycelium Cortex Fungal sheath Figure . : T.S. of root showing mycorrhizae The symbiotic association between fungal mycelium and roots of plants is called as mycorrhizae.
In this relationship fungi absorb nutrition from the root and in turn the hyphal network of mycorrhizae forming fungi helps the plant to absorb water and mineral nutrients from the soil (Figure . ). Mycorrhizae is classified into three types (Table . ) Importance of Mycorrhizae • Helps to derive nutrition in Monotropa , a saprophytic angiosperm, • Improves the availability of minerals and water to the plants.
• Provides drought resistance to the plants • Protects roots of higher plants from the attack of plant pathogens . . Lichens The symbiotic association between algae and fungi is called lichens. The algal partner is called Phycobiont or Photobiont., and the fungal partner is called Mycobiont.
Algae provide nutrition for fungal partner in turn fungi provide protection and also help to fix the thallus to the substratum through rhizinae. Asexual reproduction takes place through fragmentation, Soredia and Isidia. Phycobionts reproduce by akinetes, hormogonia, aplanospore etc., Mycobionts undergo sexual reproduction and produce ascocarps. Classification • Based on the habitat lichens are classified into following types: Corticolous ( Table .
: Types of Mycorrhizae Ectomycorrhizae Endomycorrhizae Ectendomycorrhizae The fungal myceli- um forms a dense sheath around the root called mantle. The hyphal net- work penetrate the intercellular spac- es of the epidermis and cortex to form Hartig net. Exam- ple: