in systematic classification of plants. The complete knowledge of taxonomy is possible with the principles of various disciplines like Cytology, Genetics, Anatomy, Physiology, Geographical Distribution, Embryology, Ecology, Palynology, Phenology, Bio-Chemistry, Numerical Taxonomy and Transplant Experiments. These have been found to be useful in solving some of the taxonomical problems by providing additional characters. It has changed the face of classification from alpha (classical) to omega ➢ Single adaxial prophyll.
➢ Ethereal oils rarely present. ➢ Mostly herbaceous, absence of vascular cambium. ➢ Vascular bundles are scattered in the stem. ➢ Leaf simple with parallel-veined.
➢ Floral parts usually in threes. ➢ Perianth often composed of tepals. ➢ Pollen monosulcate. ➢ Styles normally hollow and ➢ Successive microsporogenesis.
Eudicots are divided into orders and families (early diverging eudicots + super rosids + super asterids). ➢ Seeds with always two cotyledons. ➢ Nodes trilacunar with three leaf traces. ➢ Stomata anomocytic.
➢ Ethereal oils rarely present. ➢ Woody or herbaceous plants. ➢ Leaves simple or compound, usually net- veined. ➢ Flower parts mostly in twos, fours or fives.
➢ Microsporogenesis simultaneous. ➢ Style solid and ➢ Pollen tricolpate. APG system is an evolving system that might undergo change periodically based on the new sets of data from various disciplines of Botany. It is the currently accepted system across the world and followed by all the leading taxonomic institutions and practising taxonomists.
However, it is yet to percolate into the Indian botanical curriculum. Bentham and Hooker Engler and Prantl1915 Arthur Cronquist APG I APG II APG III APG IV