are represented in India. The outline of APG IV classification is given below. Angiosperms are classified into three clades early angiosperms, monocots and eudicots. Early angiosperms are classified into orders and families ( ANA - clade + magnoliids + Chloranthales) A mborellales N ymphaeales A ustrobaileyales ➢ Seeds generally always with two cotyledons.
➢ Presence of ethereal oils. ➢ Leaves are always simple net-veined. ➢ Each floral whorls with many parts. ➢ Perianth usually spirally arranged or parts in threes.
➢ Stamens with broad filaments. ➢ Anthers tetrasporangiate. ➢ Pollen monosulcate. ➢ Nectaries are rare.
➢ Carpels usually free and ➢ Embryo very small. Monocots are classified into orders and families (basal monocots + lilioids + commelinids) ➢ Seeds with single cotyledon. ➢ Primary root short-lived. Hamamelidae ( ) Asteridae ( ) Magnoliidae ( ) Dilleniidae ( ) Rosidae ( ) Caryophyllidae ( ) Class: Magnoliopsida Sub-class Class : Liliopsida .
Lilidae . Commelinidae . Arecidae . Alismatidae .
Zingiberidae Sub-class Figure . : Diagramatic representation of class Magnoliopsida and Liliopsida. Figure . : Simplified version of APG IV (Source: Plant Gateway's The Global Flora, Vol.
I January ) Amborellales Nymphaeales Austrobaileyales Magnoliids Chloranthales Monocots Ceratophyllales Ranunculales Proteales Torchodendrales Buxales Gunnerales Dilleniales Saxifragales Rosids Berberidopsidales Santalales Caryophyllales Asterids Super rosids Early diverging eudicots EUDICOTS EARLY ANGIOSPERMS MONOCOTS Super asterids Family: Musaceae Liliaceae Family: Fabaceae Euphorbiaceae Family: Apocynaceae Solanaceae Classification reflects the state of our knowledge at a given point of time. It will continue to change as we acquire new information. A significant number of major herbaria, including Kew are changing the order of their collections in accordance with APG. The influential world checklist of selected plant families (also from kew) is being updated to the APG III system.
A recent photographic survey of the plants of USA and Canada is organized according to the APG III system. In UK, the latest edition of the standard flora of the British Isles written by Stace is based on the APG III system. . Modern trends in taxonomy Taxonomists now accept that, the morphological characters alone should not be considered