bundles. Example: Citrus , Bombax b. Syngenesious : Anthers connate, filaments free. Example: Asteraceae.
c. Synandrous : Filaments and anthers are completely fused. Example: Coccinea . .
Adnation : Refers to the fusion of stamens with other floral parts. Epipetalous : Stamens are adnate to petals .Example: brinjal, Datura . a. Episepalous: stamens are adnate to sepals.
Example: Grevillea (Silver oak) b. Epitepalous ( epiphyllous ): stamens are adnate to tepals. Example: Asparagus . c.
Gynostegium :Connation product of stamens and stigma is called gynostegium . Example: Calotropis and Orchidaceae. d. Pollinium : Pollen grains are fused together as a single mass Example: Calotropis .
. Arrangement of stamens relate to length of stamens: . Didynamous: Four stamens of which two with long filaments and two with short filaments. Example: Ocimum .
Tetradynamous : Six stamens of which four with long filaments and two with short filaments. Example: Brassica . . Heterostemonous : stamens are of different lengths in the same flower.
Example: Cassia. . . Anther types .
Monothecal : One lobe with two microsporangia. They are kidney shaped in a cross section. Example: Malvaceae Figure . : (a) Monothecal Figure .
: (b) Dithecal . Dithecal : It is a typical type,having two lobes with four microsporangia.They are butterfly shaped in cross section. Example: Solanaceae. .
. Anther attachment . Basifixed :(Innate) Base of anther is attached to the tip of filament. Example: Datura .
. Dorsifixed : Apex of filament is attached to the dorsal side of the anther. Example: Hibiscus . .
Versatile : Filament is attached to the anther at midpoint. Example: Grasses. . Adnate : Filament is continued from the base to the apex of anther.
Example: Nelumbo Anthers (united) Filaments (free) Figure . : (a) Monadelphous, (b) Diadelphous, (c) Polyadelphous (d) Syngenesious Stamen Petal (a) (b) (c) (d) Figure . : Epipetalous Figure . : Anther attachment D.
Adnate C. Versatile B. Dorsifixed A. Basifixed Filament Filament .
Gynoecium Gynoecium or pistil is the female reproductive part of the flower. A pistil consists of an expanded basal portion called the ovary, an elongated section called