fin or intra-peritonealy at the base of pectoral fin. Male and female fishes start to spawn (release of gametes) and eggs are fertilized. The fertilized eggs are removed from the spawning place and kept into hatching hapas . Fish seed Fish seed is collected from breeding ponds.
The spawn collecting net is commonly called Benchijal (Shooting net) and transferred to the hatching pits. XI Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- Hatching pit The fertilized eggs are kept in hatching pits. The hatching pits should be nearer to the breeding grounds, should be smaller in size with good quality water. There are two types of hatching pits, hatcheries are small sized pond in which unfertilized eggs are transferred and hatching happens.
Hatching hapas are rectangular trough shaped tanks made up of mosquito net cloth supported by bamboo poles and fixed in the river (Figure . ). Nursery pond The newly hatched fries are transported from the hatching happa to nursery ponds where they grow into fingerlings. Rearing pond Fingerlings are transferred to rearing ponds that is long and narrow and allows long distance swimming.
The rearing pond should be free from toxicants and predators. Antibiotics are used for washing the fingerlings and then transferred to the stocking ponds. Stocking ponds Stocking ponds should be devoid of weeds and predatory fishes. Proper organic Figure .
A fish pond-showing fish breeding hapas manuring should be done to increase the production with cow dung and chemical fertilizing should also be done. Harvesting Harvesting is done to capture the fishes from the water. Well grown fishes are taken out for marketing. Small sized fishes are again released into the stocking ponds for further growth.
Different methods of fishing are carried out to harvest fishes. These include Stranding, Angling, Traps, Dipnets, Cast nets, Gill nets, Drag nets and purse nets. The harvested fishes are preserved by refrigeration, Deep freezing, freeze drying, sun drying, salting, smoking and canning. Composite fish farming Few selected fishes belonging to different species are stocked together in proper proportion in a pond.
This mixed farming is termed composite fish farming or