(Flying lizard), Crocodilus (crocodile), Poisonous snakes - Naja (Cobra), Bangarus (Krait), Vipera (Viper) (Figure . ). Figure . Examples of Reptiles King cobra Draco (Flying Lizard) Crocodile Chameleon skin is smooth or rough, moist, pigmented and glandular.
Eyes have eyelids and the tympanum represents the ear. Respiration is by gills, lungs and through the skin. Heart is three chambered. Kidneys are mesonephric.
Sexes are separate and fertilization is external. They are oviparous and development is indirect. They show hibernation and aestivation . Examples: Bufo (Toad), Rana (Frog), Hyla (Tree frog), Salamandra (Salamander), lcthyophis (Limbless amphibians) (Figure .
). Figure . Examples of Amphibia Frog Toad Salamander Icthyophis (Caecilians) . .
Class: Reptilia ( L. repere or reptum – to creep or crawl) They are mostly terrestrial animals and their body is covered by dry, and cornified skin with epidermal scales or Tortoises spend most of their life on land. Carapace is usually dome-shaped. These are primarily terrestrial.
Feet are short and sturdy with bent legs. Turtles spend most of their life in the water Carapace is laterally compressed and streamlined. Mostly live in the water or are always found near it. Most of them have webbed feet.
TURTLE TORTOISE Vs XI Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- . . Class Aves (L. Avis –bird) Aves are commonly known as birds.
The characteristic feature of Aves is the presence of feathers and the ability to fly except for flightless birds (Eg. Ostrich, Kiwi, Penguin ). The forelimbs are modified into wings, and the hind limbs are adapted for walking, running, swimming and perching. The skin is dry and devoid of glands except the oil gland or preen gland at the base of the tail.
The exoskeleton consists of epidermal feathers, scales, claws on legs and the horny covering on the beak. The endoskeleton is fully ossified (bony) and the long bones are hollow with air cavities (pneumatic bones) . The pectoral muscles of flight (pectoralis major and pectoralis minor) are well developed. Respiration is by compact, elastic, spongy lungs that are continuous with air sacs to supplement respiration.
The heart is four chambered.