- above is considered as obese. BMI is calculated as body weight in Kg, divided by the square of body height in meters. For example, a Kg person with a height of cms would have a BMI of . .
That is BMI = /( . ) = . contents travel back into the oesophagus or even into oral cavity and causes pain in the centre of the chest due to the eroding nature of acidity (Figure. .
). Figure . Hiatus Hernia 2HVRSKDJXV +HULQD 'LDSKUDJP 6WRPDFK Diarrhoea It is the most common gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. It is sometimes caused by bacteria or viral infections through food or water.
When the colon is infected, the lining of the intestine is damaged by the pathogens, thereby the colon is unable to absorb fluid. The abnormal frequency of bowel movement and increased liquidity of the faecal discharge is known as diarrhoea. Unless the condition is treated, dehydration can occur. Treatment is known as oral hydration therapy .
This involves drinking plenty of fluids – sipping small amounts of water at a time to rehydrate the body. Food adulterants cause harmful effects in the form of headaches, palpitations, allergies, cancers and in addition reduces the quality of food. Common adulterants are addition of citric acid to lemon juice, papaya seeds to pepper, melamine to milk, vanillin for natural vanillin, red dyes to chillis, lead chromate and lead tetraoxide to turmeric powder, etc., XI Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- whereas those required in small quantities are called micronutrients. Essential nutrients cannot be synthesized by the body; they have to be included in the diet.
Macronutrients are lipids, carbohydrates, proteins and the micronutrients are vitamins and minerals. Water plays an important role in the metabolic processes and prevents dehydration of the body. Intestinal tract is more prone to bacterial, viral and parasitic worm infections. Such infection, called colitis, may couse inflammation of the inner lining of the colon.
Growing children require more protein for their growth and development. Protein deficient diet during early stage of children may lead to protein energy malnutrition