related disorders · Part 3

eyeball and weakness of eye muscles and weight loss. (Figure . ) Figure. . Grave’s disease Simple goitre is also known as Endemic goitre . It is caused due to hyposecretion of thyroxine. The symptoms includes enlargement of thyroid gland, fall in serum thyroxine level, increased TSH secretion. (Figure . ) Figure. . Simple goitre XI Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- Cushing’s syndrome is caused due to excess secretion of cortisol. Obesity of the face and trunk, redness of face, hand, feet, thin skin, excessive hair growth, loss of minerals from bone (osteoporosis) systolic hypertension are features of Cushing’s syndrome. Suppression of sexual function like atrophy of gonads are the other symptoms of Cushing’s syndrome. (Figure . ) Figure. . Cushing's syndrome Hypoglycaemia is due to increased secretion of insulin thereby blood glucose level decreases. In this disorder blood glucose level lowers than normal fasting index. Increased heartbeat, weakness, nervousness, headache, confusion, lack of co-ordination, slurred speech, serious brain defects like epilepsy and coma occurs. Normal blood glucose level: Preprandial : – mg/dl (Before food) – (Fasting) Postprandial : – mg/dl (About two hours after food) Hyperglycaemia is otherwise known as Diabetes mellitus . It is caused due to reduced secretion of insulin. As the result, blood glucose level is elevated. Diabetes mellitus is of two types, Type I Diabetes and Type II Diabetes . Type I diabetes is also known Insulin dependent diabetes, caused by the lack of insulin secretion due to illness or viral infections. Type II diabetes is also known as Non- Insulin dependent diabetes, caused due to reduced sensitivity to insulin, often called as insulin resistance. Symptoms of diabetes includes, polyurea (excessive urination), polyphagia (excessive intake of food), polydipsia (excessive consumption liquids due to thirst), ketosis (breakdown of fat into glucose results in accumulation of ketone bodies) in blood. Gluconeogenesis (Conversion of non- carbohydrate form like amino acids and fat into glucose) also occur in diabetes. Avoid use of synthetic soft drinks The branded soft drinks damage our endocrine system. While consuming soft drinks, the sugar level increases in blood which leads