D ISORDERS OF C IRCULATORY S YSTEM High Blood Pressure (Hypertension): Hypertension is the term for blood pressure that is higher than normal ( / ). In this measurement mm Hg (millimetres of mercury pressure) is the systolic, or pumping, pressure and mm Hg is the diastolic, or resting, pressure. If repeated checks of blood pressure of an individual is / ( over ) or Figure . Schematic plan of blood circulation in human higher, it shows hypertension.
High blood pressure leads to heart diseases and also affects vital organs like brain and kidney. Coronary Artery Disease (CAD): Coronary Artery Disease, often referred to as atherosclerosis , affects the vessels that supply blood to the heart muscle. It is caused by deposits of calcium, fat, cholesterol and fibrous tissues, which makes the lumen of arteries narrower. Angina: It is also called ‘angina pectoris’.
A symptom of acute chest pain appears when no enough oxygen is reaching the heart muscle. Angina can occur in men and women of any age but it is more common among the middle-aged and elderly. It occurs due to conditions that affect the blood flow. Heart Failure: Heart failure means the state of heart when it is not pumping blood effectively enough to meet the needs of the body.
It is sometimes called congestive heart failure because congestion of the lungs is one of the main symptoms of this disease. Heart failure is not the same as cardiac arrest (when the heart stops beating) or a heart attack (when the heart muscle is suddenly damaged by an inadequate blood supply).