colder reservoir. Clausius statement: This statement recognises that heat flows spontaneously from hot objects to cold objects and to get it flow in the opposite direction, we have to spend some work. Gibbs Free Energy (G): G is expressed as G=H-TS, free energy change of a process is given by the relation ∆G= ∆H-T∆S. Standard free energy change and equilibrium constants are related by the equation ∆G = -RTlnK eq Third law: The entropy of a perfectly crystalline material at absolute zero is zero.
11th Std Chemistry 11th Std Chemistry - - - -