that develops machines or works with one atom or one molecule that is nanometers or smaller. Bioengineering A discipline that applies engineering principles of design and analysis to biological systems and biomedical technologies Chapter Page Learning Objectives • To know how the computer interprets and stores data in the memory. • To learn various data representations and binary arithmetic. • To learn conversion between various Number Systems.
. Introduction The term data comes from the word datum , which means a raw fact. The data is a fact about people, places or some objects. Example: Let ‘Name’, ‘Age’, ‘Class’, ‘Marks’ and ‘Subject’ be some defined variables.
Now, let us assign a value to each of these variables. Name = Rajesh Age = Class = XI Mark = Subject = Computer Science Figure . Example for Data In the above example, the values assigned to the five different variables are called data . When the above data is processed, we get an information “Rajesh is years old, studying in Class XI, has scored marks in Computer Science subject”.
. Data Representations Computer handles data in the form of ‘ ’(Zero) and ‘ ’ (One). Any kind of data like number, alphabet, special character should be converted to ‘ ’ or ‘ ’ which can be understood by the Computer. ‘ ’ and ‘ ’ that the Computer can understand is called Machine language .
‘ ’ or ‘ ’ are called ‘ Bi nary Digi t s’(BIT). Therefore, the study of data representation in the computer is important. • A bit is the short form of Binary digit which can be ‘ ’ or ‘ ’. It is the basic unit of data in computers.
• A nibble is a collection of bits (Binary digits). • A collection of bits is called Byte . A byte is considered as the basic unit of measuring the memory size in the computer. • Word length refers to the number of bits processed by a Computer’s CPU.
For example, a word length can have bits, bits, bits