First Generation • Generated Less Heat • Consumed less power compared to first generation • Punched cards were used • First operating system was developed - Bat ch Processing and Multiprogramming Operating System • Machine language as well as Assembly language was used. Second Generation Computers IBM , IBM , UNIVAC Third Generation - Integrated Circuits (IC) • Computers were smaller, faster and more reliable • Consumed less power • High Level Languages were used Third Generation Computers IBM series, Honeywell series Fourth Generation - Microprocessor Very Large Scale Integrated Circuits (VLSI) • Smaller and Faster • Microcomputer series such as IBM and APPLE were developed • Portable Computers were introduced. Fifth Generation - till date Ultra Large Scale Integration (ULSI) • Parallel Processing • Super conductors • Computers size was drastically reduced. • Can recognise Images and Graphics • Introduction of Artificial Intelligence and Expert Systems • Able to solve high complex problems including decision making and logical reasoning Sixth Generation In future • Parallel and Distributed computing • Computers have become smarter, faster and smaller • Development of robotics • Natural Language Processing • Development of Voice Recognition Software Table1.
Generations of computers The first digital computer The ENIAC (Electronic Numerical Integrator And Calculator) was invented by J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly at the University of Pennsylvania and began construction in and was not completed until . It occupied about , square feet and used about , vacuum tubes, weighing almost tons. ENIAC was the first digital computer because it was fully functional.
. Sixth Generation Computing In the Sixth Generation, computers could be defined as the era of intelligent computers, based on Artificial Neural Networks. One of the most dramatic changes in the sixth generation will be the explosive growth of Wide Area Networking. Natural Language Processing (NLP) is a component of Artificial Intelligence (AI).
It provides the ability to develop the computer program to understand human language. Optical Character Recognition (Optical Grapheme Recognition) engine for the Indus Scripts has been developed using