Class 11 English 2024 Edition www.tntextbooks.in · Section 19

The Tenses Chart Past Present Future Simple Saran wrote a poem yesterday. Usage: to indicate a past habit or an action already completed Saran writes a poem everyday. Usage: to express habits or general truth; to indicate a future event on a designated date as part of a plan or arrangement Saran will write a poem tomorrow. (Helping verb) ‘will’ + present tense verb Usage: to indicate an action, condition, or circumstance that hasn’t taken place yet Progressive or Continuous Saran was writing a poem when his friends arrived. was/were + (-ing verb form) Usage: to indicate uncompleted action of the past (with or without time reference); to indicate persistent habits of the past (with 'continuously', 'always', 'forever', etc.) Saran is writing a poem right now. am/is/are + (-ing verb form) Usage: to indicate action occurring at the time of speaking; to indicate a temporary action that may not be occurring at the time of speaking Saran will be writing a poem when his friends arrive. will be + (-ing verb form) Usage: to indicate what will be going on at some time in the future; to indicate planned future events Perfect Saran had written a poem when his friends arrived. had + past participle Usage: to indicate a completed action of the past that happened before another event took place Saran has written a poem. have/has + past participle Usage: to indicate a past action which is not defined by a time of occurrence; to indicate an action that started in the past and has continued until now Saran will have written a poem by the time his friends arrive. will have + past participle Usage: to indicate an action that will be complete before another event takes place Perfect Continuous Saran had been writing a poem for two hours when his friends arrived. had been + (-ing verb form) Usage: to indicate an action in the past that began before a certain point in the past and continued until that point of time Saran has been writing a poem for two hours. have/has been + (-ing verb form) Usage: to indicate an action which started at some point in the past and may or may not be complete Saran will have been writing a poem for four days. will have been + (-ing verb form) Usage: to indicate an action that will have happened for some time and will not be complete yet at a certain point in the future -A-Prose-The Portrait of a - - :