Individual Games

G ymnastics History Gymnastics begun in ancient Greece about years ago. It was used in training to keep people fit for sporting activities. In the Greek city of Athens, gymnastic tournaments were held, including tumbling, rope climbing, and other similar activities. Plato, Homer and Aristotle strongly advocated the strengthening qualities of gymnastics. The ‘Federation of International Gymnastics’ (FIG) was formed in Liege in . Gymnastics in India Gymnastics Federation of India (GFI) was initiated in . It was affiliated by the Indian Olympic Association (IOC) and Federation International de Gymnastics (FIG) in . GFI is the founder member of Commonwealth Gymnastics Confederation (CGC) and Asian Gymnastics Union (AGU) since these bodies came into existence. The National Gymnastic Championship for men and women was organised in and in respectively. The first national championship for sub junior girls and boys was organised in at Karnal in Haryana. Sports Aerobics was also organised under Gymnastics Federation of India from along with gymnastics. Do You Know? •• The word Gymnastic is derived from the Greek word Gymnos meaning ‘naked art’. •• Modern Gymnastic is regulated by Federation International de Gymnastique (FIG), which was founded in , June . •• Khushi Ram and Veer Singh represented India for the first time in Olympics held at Helsinki in . Apparatus You have already studied in previous classes about gymnastics. In this game, different events are performed on different apparatuses like Horizontal Bar, Parallel Bars, Rings, Vaulting Table, Pommel Horse and some other apparatus specially for female participants like, un-even bars, balancing beam, etc. Gymnastics is performed by both men and women. Men have six apparatus and women have four apparatus on which they perform their routines. Their apparatuses are as follows: Women’s apparatus . Vaulting Table . Balancing Beam . Floor exercise . Uneven Bars Men’s apparatus . Vaulting table . Horizontal Bar . Floor exercise . Parallel bars . Roman Rings . Pommel Horse Uneven Bars Fig. . : Uneven bars cm cm to cm cm cm cm cm Do You Know? •• Nadia Comaneci was the first female gymnast who received perfect score in at Montreal Olympics. Specifications •• Height: Upper bar — . m ( . ft), Lower bar — . m ( . ft) •• Diameter of the bar: cm ( . in) •• Length of the bars: . m ( . ft) •• Diagonal distance between the two bars: . m ( . ft)– . m ( . ft) (adjustable) Horizontal Bars Fig. . : Horizontal bars cm cm cm cm cm cm cm Specifications •• Height: . m ( in), including about cm ( in) landing mats •• Length: . m ( in) •• Diameter of the bar: . cm ( . in) Pommel Horse cm cm cm cm cm cm cm - cm Specifications •• Height from top surface to floor: . m ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) •• Length at top: . m ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) •• Length at bottom: . m ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) •• Width at top: cm ( in) ± cm ( . in) •• Width at bottom: cm ( in) ± cm ( . in) •• Height of the pommels: cm ( . in) ± . cm ( . in) •• Distance between the pommels: cm ( in) – cm ( in)(adjustable) Roman Rings Min cm Min cm Min cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm cm Fig. . : Pommel horse Fig. . : Roman rings Specifications •• Inner diameter: cm ( . in) ± . cm ( . in) •• Diameter of profile: . cm ( . in) ± . cm ( . in) •• Distance from the point of attachment to lower inner side of the rings: m ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) •• Distance between the two points of attachment: cm ( . ft) ± . cm ( . in) Vaulting Table (Men and Women) cm cm cm / cm cm Specifications •• Length: . m ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) •• Width: cm ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) •• Height ▪▪ Men: . m ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) ▪▪ Women: . m ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) •• Run up area ▪▪ Length: . m ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) ▪▪ Width: m ( . ft) ± cm ( . in) Balancing Beam Fig. . : Balancing beam cm cm cm cm cm maximum cm cm Fig. . : Vaulting table Specifications •• Height: . cm ( . ft) •• Length: cm ( ft) •• Width: cm ( . in) Floor m m G ymnastics I. Long Answer Questions . Explain the history of gymnastics in Olympics. . Explain the evolution of gymnastics in India. . How many types of gymnastics are there? Enlist the men’s and women’s apparatus used in artistic gymnastics. . Write down the specifications of uneven bars and pommel horse. . Enlist some advanced skills in gymnastics and explain the process of ‘Cartwheel on Balancing Beam’. II. Short Answer Questions . When was the gymnastics introduced in the Olympic Games? . Who is considered as the father of modern gymnastics? . How many events are there in Artistic Gymnastics for men? . What is the full form of F.I.G.? . When did women compete for the first time in Olympics? . In which year did Nadia Comaneci received the first perfect score in Olympics? III. Fill in the Blanks . Gymnastics begun in ancient Greece about years ago. . Today, gymnastics is often termed as the ultimate combination of . . Nadia Comaneci was the first female gymnast who received perfect score in at Olympics. . Like any other sport, gymnastics is a physical exercise that develops agility, coordination and . IV. State whether True or False . Gymnastics is an Olympic sport. . There are three events in women Gymnastics. . Roman rings is a men’s apparatus. . Balancing beam is an apparatus for men. . Floor exercise is an apparatus for both men and women.