14.12 Science and Technology · Part 4

which portrayed the love of Krishna and Radha in poetic verses promoted Bengali literature. The Guru Granth Sahib, the holy book of the Sikhs compiled by Guru Arjun Dev in which the verses of the Sikh Gurus as well as Shaikh Farid and other monotheists are a landmark in the evolution of Punjabi language. compiled the history of Akbar in Akbar Nama and described Mughal administration in his work Ain-i-Akbari. The Ain-i-Akbari is commendable for its interest in science, statistics, geography and culture. Akbar Namah was emulated by Abdul Hamid Lahori and Muhammad Waris in their joint work Padshah Nama, a biography of Shah Jahan. Later Muhammad Kazim in his Alamgir Nama, a work on the reign of the first decade of Aurangzeb, followed the same pattern. Babur’s autobiography written in Chaghatai Turkish was translated into Persian by Abdur Rahim Khan-e- Khanan. Dabistan is an impartial account of the beliefs and works of different religions. Persian literature was enriched by translations of Sanskrit works. The Mahabharata was translated under the supervision of Abul Faizi, brother of Abul Fazal and a court poet of Akbar. The translation of Upanishads by Dara Shukoh, entitled Sirr- I-Akbar (the Great Secret), is a landmark. The Masnawis of Abul Faizi, Utbi and Naziri enriched Persian Poetry in India. The Sanskrit works produced during the Mughal rule are impressive. Sanskrit literature of this period is noted for the kavyas and historical poetry. Rajavalipataka, a kavya, written by Prajna bhatta which completed the history of Kashmir belonged to reign of Akbar. Graeco-Arabic learning was transmitted to India through Dara Shukoh Abul Fazl presenting Akbarnama XI History - Lesson - - The Mughal Empire Akbar’s mansabdari system and inclusive religious policy as well as consolidation of Mughal rule through military conquests, notably the second Battle of Panipat, are dealt with. Jahangir’s lack of interest in governance and Nur Jahan functioning as defacto ruler are discussed. Shah Jahan’s Taj Mahal, epitome of Mughal architecture, and the war of succession fought among his three sons are elaborated. The constant wars between Mughals led by Aurangzeb and Marathas