and land resources, fresh, less occupied territories and population pressures. The Kurus, Panchalas, Vashas and Ushinaras are the tribes of this period. References to the Saraswati and Dhristavati rivers occur in the later Vedic texts also. Around BCE, the Vedic Aryans moved towards Kosala region in eastern Uttar Pradesh and Videha in North Bihar, where the Vedic people encountered the local people following Chalcolithic material culture.
In the Upper Ganga valley, the Vedas acquired Munda N S W E KURU BAY OF BENGAL ARABIAN SEA I N D I A N O C E A N SINDHU (INDUS) Shutundri Yamuna Saryu Ganga Parusni Vitasta Asikani Sindhu KAUSALA MAGADHA KUNTI PANCHAL VIDARBHA I N D I A GANDHAR VARNU KAMBHOJA ANGA KURU DYNASTY (Iron age) VIDEHA Map not to scale A n d a m a n a n d N i c o b a r ( I n d i a ) L a k s h a d w e e p ( I n d i a ) Kuru dynasty XI History - Lesson - - Early India: The Chalcolithic, Megalithic, Iron Age and Vedic Cultures king increased. The influence of assembly called vidhata disappeared, while samiti and sabha continued in the period. The development of large kingdoms reduced the power of the assemblies. The Rajan was the leader who led the army in the battle.
The concepts of Samrat/ Samrajya developed and they suggest the increase in the power and ambition of the king. The legitimization of kingship became important with the performance of various sacrifices such as vajapeya and rajasuya . The king developed more control over the territory, people and resources. Purohita , which means ‘one who places the king in the forefront’, became important in the establishment of polity and kingship.
Monarchy developed. The Rajan became the controller of the social order. Srauta sacrifices (sacrifices to achieve some benefits) were carried out to control the resources. The kings presented cows, horses, chariots, gold, clothes and female slaves to the priest.
The Aitreya Brahamana says that king has to provide