. Cultural Florescence Art and Architecture By evolving the Nagara and the Dravida styles, the Gupta art ushers in a formative and creative age in the history of Indian architecture with considerable scope for future development. Rock-cut and Structural Temples The rock-cut caves continue the old forms to a great extent but possess striking novelty by bringing about extensive changes in the ornamentation of the facade and in the designs of the pillars in the interior. The most notable groups of the rock-cut caves are found at Ajanta and Ellora (Maharashtra) and Bagh (Madhya Pradesh).
The Udayagiri caves (Odisha) are also of this type. Ajantha Rock-Cut Caves The structural temples have the following attributes: ( )flat-roofed square temples; ( ) flat-roofed square temple with a vimana (second storey); ( ) square temple with a curvilinear tower ( shikara )above; ( ) rectangular temple; and ( ) circular temple. The second group of temples shows many of the characteristic features of the Dravida style. The importance of the third group lies in the innovation of a shikhara that caps the sanctum sanctorum, the main feature of the Nagara style.
Stupas Stupas were also built in large numbers but the best are found at Samat (Uttar Pradesh), Ratnagiri (Odisha) and Mirpur Khas (Sind). XI History - Lesson - - The Guptas Buddhist Literature The earliest Buddhist works are in Pali, but in the later phase, Sanskrit came to be used to a great extent. Most of the works are in prose with verse passages in mixed Sanskrit. Arya Deva and Arya Asanga of the Gupta period are the most notable writers.
The first regular Buddhist work on logic was written by Vasubandhu. Vasubandhu’s disciple, Dignaga, was also the author of many learned works. Jaina Literature The Jaina canonical literature at first took shape in Prakrit dialects. Sanskrit came to be the medium later.
Within a short time, Jainism produced many great scholars and by their efforts the Hindu itihasa and puranas were recast in Jaina versions to popularise their doctrines. Vimala produced a Jaina version of Ramayana. Siddasena Divakara laid the foundation of logic