now part of our everyday lives were used for the first

now part of our everyday lives were used for the first time during this period. DATES - BCE - - CE - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - AFRICA Bananas introduced from Southeast Asia to East Africa through sea routes Cleopatra, queen of Egypt ( - BCE ) Hero of Alexandria makes a machine that runs on steam Ptolemy of Alexandria writes a work on geography. Christianity introduced in Axum * ( ) Vandals from Europe set up a kingdom in North Africa ( ) Emigration (hijra) of some Muslims to Abyssinia ( ) Muslim Arabs sign treaty with Nubia, south of Egypt ( ) Rise of kingdom in Ghana Almoravid kingdom ( - ) extends from Ghana to southern Spain Zimbabwe ( - ) emerges as a centre for the production of gold and copper artefacts, and of long-distance trade Christian churches established in Ethiopia ( ), kingdom of Mali in West Africa, with Timbuktu as a centre of learning EUROPE Spartacus leads revolt of about , slaves ( BCE ). Building of Colosseum in Rome Roman empire at is peak * Constantine becomes emperor, establishes city of Constantinople Roman empire divided into eastern and western halves Roman empire invaded by tribes from North and Central Europe Conversion of Clovis of Gaul (France) to Christianity ( ) St Benedict establishes a monastery in Italy ( ), St Augustine introduces Christianity in England ( ), Gregory the Great ( ) lays the foundations of the power of the Roman Catholic Church Bede writes the History of the English Church and People Charlemagne, King of the Franks, crowned Holy Roman Emperor ( ) First Russian states founded at Kiev and Novgorod. Viking raids across Western Europe Medical school set up in Salerno, Italy ( ) William of Normandy invades England and becomes king ( ). Proclamation of the first Crusade ( ) Construction of the cathedral of Notre Dame begins ( ) St Francis of Assisi sets up a monastic order, emphasizing austerity and compassion ( ) Lords in England rebel against the king who signs the Magna Carta, accepting to rule