influences will vary from family to family and person to person. Having discussed how the culture and society impact adolescent identity development, let us read how the family can impact the development of the sense of identity. During adolescence identity formation is enhanced by family relationships where adolescents are encouraged to have their own point of view and where there is a secure relationship between family members which provides the adolescent with a secure base from which to explore her widening social world. It has also been found that firm and affectionate parenting fosters healthy development of identity.
‘Affectionate’ parenting means that the parents are warm, loving and supportive of the child’s effort and accomplishment. They often praise the child, show enthusiasm in her/his activities, respond sensitively to her/ his feelings, and understand the child’s personality and points of view. However, such parents are also firm in disciplining. Such parenting style fosters independence and self-reliance in children.
Adolescence is the period in which the growing individual develops a strong need for support and acceptance from the peers. At times, parental and peer values can be in conflict with each other and the adolescent may tend to lean more towards friends. This can cause disharmony in parent- child relationships. Conforming to peer pressure can be both positive and negative.
The negative effects become evident when adolescents indulge in harmful behaviours such as smoking or consuming, drugs or alcohol or bullying. However, often peers and parents serve complementary functions and fulfil different needs of the adolescents. It has been seen that a family atmosphere that promotes both individuality and connectedness is important for the identity development of the adolescent. By ‘ Individuality ’ implies greater opportunity and the ability to have one’s own point of view.
‘ Connectedness ’ suggests greater sensitivity to and respect for others’ views and openness to others’ views.