bowl. The reagent is put on it with a dropper. (ii) Stain removers/reagents for stain removal: The various reagents used for stain removal should be used in liquid form and in concentrations recommended for their use. These reagents can be grouped as follows: (a) Grease solvents: Turpentine, kerosene, white petrol, methylated spirit, acetone, carbon tetra chloride (b) Grease absorbents: Bran, Fuller’s earth, talcum powder, starch, French chalk (c) Emulsifiers: Soaps, detergents (d) Acidic reagents: Acetic acid (vinegar), oxalic acid, lemon, tomato, sour milk, curds (e) Alkaline reagents: Ammonia, borax, baking soda (f) Bleaching agents: Oxidising bleaches: Sunlight, sodium hypochlorite (javelle water), sodium perborate, hydrogen peroxide Reducing bleaches: Sodium hydrosulphite, sodium bisulphate, sodium thiosulphate Table : Common stains and the method of removing them from cotton fabric Stain Method of removal Adhesive Tape Harden with ice, scrape off, apply any solvent Blood Fresh stain – wash with cold water Old stain – soak in salt solution, rub and wash Ballpoint pen Keep a blotting paper under it and sponge with methylated spirit Candle wax Soak in cold water immediately, scrape off, dip in white vinegar, rinse with cold water Chewing gum Apply ice, scrape off, soak in cold water, sponge with a solvent Chocolate Soak in cold water, in hypochlorite bleach (javelle water) Curry (Turmeric & oil) Wash with soap and water, bleach in sun.
Keep blotting paper under fresh stain and iron it. Then wash with soap and water. Old stains can be removed by soaking in javelle water Egg Wash with cold water, wash with soap and lukewarm water. Fruits and Vegetables Apply starch paste on fresh stain.
Then rub and wash. Use borax, salt and hot water to remove it. Grease Dip in or sponge with grease solvents — petrol, spirit or kerosene oil. Wash with hot water and soap.
Apply starch paste and dry in shade. After doing it - times it will be removed. Soak in javelle water and wash with soap and water. Ink Fresh stain can be removed by soap and water.
Apply lemon juice, curd or sour milk and salt and dry.