During the last trimester of pregnancy, basal metabolic rate is increased by - % as there is a increase in muscle mass of uterus, size of mammary gland, foetal mass and placenta, cardiac work and respiratory rate. Fasting/Starvation Lowers BMR Hypothyroidism (under secretion of thyroxine) The basal metabolic rate is decreased by % Age Lean body mass diminishes with age slowing the BMR. BMR is higher in infants and young children than in adults Undernutrition Prolonged undernutrition lowers the BMR. Climate In persons living in tropical climates,BMR is about % less than those living in temperate zones.
Sleep BMR is reduced by %. - - Carbohydrates and Energy b) Other Types of Physical Activity The other types of physical activity like muscle-strengthening, bone strengthening and stretching benefit the body in other ways. Muscle-strengthening activities improve the strength, power, and endurance of the muscles. Doing pushups and sit-ups, lifting weights, climbing stairs, and working in the garden are examples of muscle-strengthening activities.
With bone-strengthening activities feet, legs, or arms support the body weight, and the muscles push against the bones. This helps make the bone stronger. Running, walking, jumping rope and lifting weights are examples of bone-strengthening activities. Muscle-strengthening and bonestreng- thening activities also can be aerobic, depending on whether they make the heart and lungs work harder than usual.
For example, running is both an aerobic activity and a bone-strengthening activity. Stretching helps improve flexibility and ability to fully move the joints. Touching toes, doing side stretches, and doing yoga exercises are examples of stretching. .
. . Benefits of physical activity ) Assists in weight control mainly by burning calories and thereby reducing body fat. ) Raises self-esteem and physical awareness.
) Reduces symptoms of ageing. ) Allows body to use fats and sugars more efficiently. ) Improves digestion and metabolism ) Strengthens and improves the functioning of the heart and lungs. .
. Physical activity Exercise is defined as any movement that makes the muscles work and requires the body to burn calories. There are many types of physical activity, including