APPENDIX 2 · Part 2

coordinate system Idea of analytical geometry Rane Descarte ( - ) th and th century Development Laws of motion Quantitative idea of motion Law of gravitation Development of calculus independent of Leibnitz Founder of modern optics (reflection, dispersion, prism) Light consists of minute particles ‘corpuscules’ Derivation of Kepler laws Greatest book ‘The principia mathematica’( ) Wave theory of light Isaac Newton ( - ) Christian Huygens; Father of modern optics Appendix- - Appendix- - - - - - Appendix Table A1. Systematic developments in physics over centuries (C ont ) Work on magnetism Behavior of gases Fluid dynamics - Bernoulli’s theorem ( ) Early ideas of kinetic theory of gases Study of spring motion(Hooke’s law) Derivation of frequency of vibration in strings( ) Reformulation of Newtonian mechanics using Energy approach (Lagrangian mechanics) Invention of steam engine( )- Force between charges (Coulomb’s law) William Gilbert (Around ) Robert Boyle ( - )& Robert Hooke Daniel Bernoulli( - ) Daniel Bernoulli ( - ) Robert Hooke Taylor De Alembert, Lagrange James Watt Coulomb th century development Early ideas of Thermodynamics(1840s) Caloric theory Laws of thermodynamics(1850s) Behavior of gases, velocity and speed(1860s) Foundation of statistical mechanics and entropy formula (around 1870s) James Joule, Carnot Kelvin, Clausius James Clark Maxwell Boltzmann Wave nature of light- Experiments Behavior of electric charges Magnetic effect of electric current(1820s) Force between two parallel currents Principle of Least action, Hamilton mechanics ( ) Electric powered motor, electricity demonstration Young and Fresnel Oersted Ampere William Hamilton Micheal Faraday Theory of electromagnetism( )- Bridge between electricity and magnetism Maxwell equations –Paved way to modern technology Alternating current James Clerk Maxwell Tesla Appendix- - Appendix- - - - - - Appendix Table A1. Systematic developments in physics over centuries (C ont ) th century developments Study of black body radiation Discovery of an electron Rutherford atomic model Study on radioactivity Max planck(around ) J.J.Thomson Rutherford(1910s) Marie Curie(1920s and 30s) Special theory of relativity, Photo electric effect, Existence of atom( ), E=mc Revolution of physics after Newton New Idea of space and time The General theory of relativity(Greatest theory of th century)-