x t

x t At a rigid boundary, the reflected wave is given by y r ( x, t ) = a sin ( kx – ω t + π ). = – a sin ( kx – ω t ) ( . ) At an open boundary, the reflected wave is given by y r ( x, t ) = a sin ( kx – ω t + ). = a sin ( kx – ω t ) ( . ) Clearly, at the rigid boundary,