Activity . Structure of the Brain For the convenience of study, the brain can be divided into three parts: Hindbrain, Midbrain and Forebrain (Figure . ). Hindbrain This part of the brain consists of the following structures: Medulla Oblongata : It is the lowest part of the brain that exists in continuation of the spinal cord.
It contains neural centres, which Fig. . : Structure of the Brain Hypothalamus Pituitary gland Thalamus Cerebrum (cerebral cortex) Pineal gland Brainstem Midbrain Pons Medulla oblongata Spinal cord Cerebellum a vital role in our behaviour. It regulates physiological processes involved in emotional and motivational behaviour, such as eating, drinking, sleeping, temperature regulation, and sexual arousal.
It also regulates and controls the internal environment of the body (e.g., heart rate, blood pressure, temperature) and regulates the secretion of hormones from various endocrine glands. Thalamus : It consists of an egg-shaped cluster of neurons situated on the ventral (upper) side of the hypothalamus. It is like a relay station that receives all incoming sensory signals from sense organs and sends them to appropriate parts of the cortex for processing. It also receives all outgoing motor signals coming from the cortex and sends them to appropriate parts of the body.
The Limbic System : This system is composed of a group of structures that form part of the old mammalian brain. It helps in maintaining internal homeostasis by regulating body temperature, blood pressure, and blood sugar level. It has close links with the hypothalamus. Besides hypothalamus, the limbic system comprises the Hippocampus and Amygdala.
The hippocampus plays an important role in long-term memory. The amygdala plays an important role in emotional behaviour. The Cerebrum : Also known as Cerebral Cortex , this part regulates all higher levels of cognitive functions, such as attention, perception, learning, memory, language behaviour, reasoning, and problem solving. The cerebrum makes two-third of the total mass of the human brain.
Its thickness varies from . mm to mm, which covers the entire surface of the brain and contains neurons, neural nets, and bundles of axons. All these make it possible for us to