Activity . Shallice and Warrington in the year had cited the case of a man known as KF who met with an accident and damaged a portion of the left side of his cerebral hemisphere. Subsequently, it was found that his long-term memory was intact but the short-term memory was seriously affected. The stage model suggests that information are committed to the long-term memory via STM and if KF’s STM was affected, how can his long-term memory be normal?
Several other studies have also shown that memory processes are similar irrespective of whether any information is retained for a few seconds or for many years and that memory can be adequately understood without positing separate memory stores. All these evidences led to the development of another conceptualisation about memory which is discussed below as the second model of memory. L EVELS OF P ROCESSING The levels of processing view was proposed by Craik and Lockhart in . This view suggests that the processing of any new information relates to the manner in which it is perceived, analysed, and understood which in turn determines the extent to which it will eventually be retained.
Although this view has undergone many revisions since then, yet its basic idea remains the same. Let us examine this view in greater detail. Craik and Lockhart proposed that it is possible to analyse the incoming information at more than one level. One may analyse it in terms of its physical or structural features.
For example, one might attend only to the shape of letters in a word say cat - inspite of whether the word is written in capital or small letters or the colour of the ink in which it is written. This is the first and the shallowest level of processing. At an intermediate level one might consider and attend to the phonetic sounds that are attached to the letters and therefore the structural features are transformed into at least one meaningful word say, a word cat that has three specific letters. Analysing information at these two levels produces memory that is fragile