sychology behaviourism as a major approach to psychology. Humanistic psychologist Abraham Maslow publishes ‘Motivation and Personality’. Bureau of Psychology is established at Allahabad. National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS) is established at Bangalore.
Hospital for Mental Diseases in Ranchi is established. Konrad Lorenz and Niko Tinbergen win the Nobel Prize for their work on built-in species- specific animal behaviour patterns that emerge without any prior experience/ learning. Herbert Simon wins the Nobel Prize for work on decision-making. David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel win the Nobel Prize for their research on vision cells in the brain.
Roger Sperry wins the Nobel Prize for split- brain research. National Academy of Psychology (NAOP) India was founded. National Brain Research Centre (NBRC) is established at Gurgaon, Haryana. Daniel Kahneman wins the Nobel Prize for research on human judgment and decision- making under uncertainty.
Thomas Schelling wins the Nobel Prize for his work in applying Game Theory to understanding of conflict and cooperation in economic behaviour. developments in the discipline. Aspects of Gestalt approach and structuralism were combined and led to the development of the cognitive perspective which focuses on how we know about the world. Cognition is the process of knowing.
It involves thinking, understanding, perceiving, memorising, problem solving and a host of other mental processes by which our knowledge of the world develops, making us able to deal with the environment in specific ways. Some cognitive psychologists view the human mind as an information processing system like the computer. Mind, according to this view is like a computer and it receives, processes, transforms, stores and retrieves information. Modern cognitive psychology views human beings as actively constructing their minds through their exploration into the physical and the social world.
This view is sometimes called constructivism . Piaget’s view of child development which will be discussed later is considered a constructivist theory of development of the mind. Another Russian psychologist Vygotsky went even further to suggest that the human mind develops through social and cultural processes in which the mind