in bioremediation Aerobic microbes degrade the pollutants in the presence of oxygen. They mainly degrade pesticides and hydrocarbons. Pseudomonas putida is a genetically engineered microorganism (GEM). Ananda Mohan Chakrabarty obtained patent for this recombinant bacterial strain.
It is multi- plasmid hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium which can digest the hydrocarbons in the oil spills (Fig. . ) . Microorganisms eat oil or other organic contaminants Microorganisms digest oil and convert it to carbon dioxide (CO ) and water (H O) Microorganisms give off CO and H O Microorganism oil oil CO + H O CO + H O CO + H O Fig.
. The process of bioremediation Nitrosomonas europaea is also capable of degrading benzene and a variety of halogenated organic compounds including trichloroethylene and vinyl chloride. Ideonella sakaiensis is currently tried for recycling of PET plastics (Fig. .
) . These bacteria use PETase and MHETase enzymes to breakdown PET plastic into terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol. Anaerobic microbes degrade the pollutants in the absence of oxygen. XII Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- XII Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- Microbes in Human Welfare c) Aerobic respiration in animals d) Aerobic respiration in plants .
The purpose of biological treatment of waste water is to a) Reduce BOD b) Increase BOD c) Reduce sedimentation d) Increase sedimentation . The gases produced in anaerobic sludge digesters are a) Methane, oxygen and hydrogen sulphide. b) Hydrogen sulphide, methane and sulphur dioxide. c) Hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen and methane.
d) Methane, hydrogen sulphide and CO . . How is milk converted into curd? Explain the process of curd formation.
. Give any two bioactive molecules produced by microbes and state their uses. . Define the following terms: a) Antibiotics b) Zymology c) Superbug .
Write short notes on the following. a) Brewer's yeast b) Ideonella sakaiensis c) Microbial fuel cells . List the advantages of biogas plants in rural areas. .
When does antibiotic resistance develop? . What is referred to as industrial alcohol? Briefly describe its preparation.
. What is bioremediation? used as a source of energy in rural areas. In bio-remediation naturally occurring or genetically engineered microorganisms are used to reduce or degrade pollutants.