isthmus which is short and thick walled connecting the ampulla and infundibulum to the uterus. The uterus or womb is a hollow, thick-walled, muscular, highly vascular and inverted pear shaped structure lying in the pelvic cavity between the urinary bladder and rectum. The major portion of the uterus is the body and the rounded region superior to it, is the fundus . The uterus opens into the vagina through a narrow cervix .
The cavity of the cervix called the cervical canal communicates with the vagina through the external orifice and with the uterus through the internal orifice. The cervical canal along with vagina forms the birth canal. The wall of the uterus has three layers of tissues. The outermost thin membranous serous layer called the perimetrium , the middle thick muscular layer called myometrium and the inner glandular layer called endometrium .
The endometrium undergoes cyclic changes during the menstrual cycle while myometrium exhibits strong contractions during parturition. Vagina is a large fibromuscular tube that extends from the cervix to the exterior. It is the female organ of copulation. The female Fig.
. (b) Diagrammatic view of female reproductive system 8WHUXV ,VWKPXV $PSXOOD )DOORSLDQ WXEH ,QIXQGLEXOXP )LPEULDH &HUYL[ (QGRPHWULXP 2YDU\ &HUYLFDOFDQDO 9DJLQD \RPHWULXP 3HULPHWULXP XII Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- XII Std Biology-Zoology Chapter- Human Reproduction