T wenty - first C entury

Even as you read this chapter, the organisation and its management are changing. As boundaries between cultures and nations get blurred and new communication technology makes it possible to think of the world as a ‘global village’, the scope of international intercultural relationships rapidly expanding. The modern organisation is a global organisation that has to be managed in a global perspective. What does this imply? Importance Management is important because it helps in achieving group goals, increases efficiency, creates a dynamic organisation, helps achieve personal objectives and contributes to the development of society. Nature Management is a combination of an organised body of knowledge (science) and its skillful application (art). Although it does not satisfy all the requirements of a profession, it is to a large extent professional in character. Levels Management is considered a three-tier activity. The top management focuses on determination of objectives and policies, middle management attempts to achieve these objectives through the effort of other managers and supervisory or operational management directly oversees the efforts of the workforce. Functions All managers perform the following interrelated functions: Planning, Organising, Staffing, Directing and Controlling. Coordination Coordination is the essence of management. It is the process of achieving unity of action among interdependent activities and departments of an organisation.