proton is greater than that of water. Reaction with chlorine and chlorides: Ammonia reacts with chlorine and chlorides to give ammonium chloride as a final product. The reactions are different under different conditions as given below. With excess ammonia NH + Cl N + HCl HCl + NH NH Cl With excess of chlorine ammonia reacts to give nitrogen trichloride, an explosive substance.
2NH + 6Cl 2NCl + HCl g 2NH ( ) + HCl(g) NH Cl (s) Formation of amides and nitrides: With strong electro positive metals such as sodium, ammonia forms amides while it forms nitrides with metals like magnesium. 2Na + 2NH 2NaNH + H 3Mg + 2NH Mg N + 3H With metallic salts: Ammonia reacts with metallic salts to give metal hydroxides (in case of Fe) or forming complexes (in case Cu) Fe + 3NH OH Fe(OH) 3NH + Cu + 4NH [Cu(NH ) ] Tetra + + → amminecopper(II)ion (a coordination complex) Formation of amines: Ammonia forms ammonated compounds by ion dipole attraction. Eg. [CaCl .8NH ].
In this, the negative ends of ammonia dipole is attracted to Ca + ion. It can also act as a ligand and form coordination compounds such as [Co(NH ) ] + , [Ag(NH ) ] + . For example when excess ammonia is added to aqueous solution copper sulphate a deep blue colour compound [Cu(NH ) ] + is formed. Structure of ammonia Ammonia molecule is pyramidal in shape N-H bond distance is .
Å and H-H bond distance is . Å with a bond angle °. The structure of ammonia may be regarded as a tetrahedral with . Å sp H N Figure .
Structure of ammonia Reaction of ammonia with HCL XII XII - - - - one lone pair of electrons in one tetrahedral position hence it has a pyramidal shape as shown in the figure. . . Nitric acid Preparation Nitric acid is prepared by heating equal amounts of