Chemical Properties · Part 2

ammonia with acid chlorides or acid anhydrides. Acetyl chloride Cl + H NH + HCl Acetamide NH Acetic anhydride Acetamide CH + H NH + CH NH ) Heating ammonium carboxylates Ammonium salts of carboxylic acids (ammonium carboxylates) on heating, lose a molecule of water to form amides. Ammonium acetate O NH + NH + H Acetamide XII U12-Carbonyl XII U12-Carbonyl - - - - ) Partial hydrolysis of alkyl cyanides (Nitriles) Partial hydrolysis of alkyl cyanides with cold con HCl gives amides Methyl cyanide NH Acetamide Conc HCl H O / OH Chemical Properties . Amphoteric character Amides behave both as weak acid as well as weak base and thus show amphoteric character. This can be proved by the following reactions. Acetamide (as base) reacts with hydrochloric acid to form salt Acetamide NH Cl Acetamide hydrochloride NH + HCl Acetamide (as acid) reacts with sodium to form sodium salt and hydrogen gas is liberated. Acetamide 2CH 2CH NHNa + H Sodium acetamide NH + 2Na ) Hydrolysis Amides can be hydrolysed in acid or in alkaline solution on prolonged heating Acetamide OH + NH Cl Acetic acid NH + H O dil HCl ONa + Sodium acetate NH NaOH Acetamide NH ) Dehydration Amides on heating with strong dehydrating agents like P O get dehydrated to form cyanides. Acetamide N + H O Methyl cyanide (aceto nitrile) NH P O XII U12-Carbonyl XII U12-Carbonyl - - - - ) Hoff mann’s degradation Amides reacts with bromine in the presence of caustic alkali to form a primary amine carrying one carbon less than the parent amide. Acetamide CH NH + K CO + 2KBr + 2H O Methyl amine NH + Br + KOH ) Reduction Amides on reduction with LiAlH or Sodium and ethyl alcohol to form corresponding amines. Acetamide Ethyl amine NH