Class Chemistry English Volume · Part

HO aluminium hydroxide ) Antihistamines Examples Cetirizine, levocetirizine, desloratadine, brompheniramine Terfenadine Block histamine release from histamine- receptors Uses To provide relief from the allergic effects Cl Cetirizine ) Antimicrobials i) Beta-Lactams Examples Penicillins, ampicillin, cephalosporins, carbapenems, and monobactams Inhibits bacterial cell wall biosynthesis Uses To treat skin infections, dental infections, ear infections, respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and gonorrhoea S R Penicillins NH S Ampicillin ii) Macrolides Examples Erythromycin, azithromycin Targets bacterial ribosomes and prevent protein production Uses To treat respiratory tract infections, genital, gastrointestinal tractand skin infections HO Erythromycin iii) Fluoroquinolones Examples Clinafloxacin, ciprofloxacin, levofloxacin Inhibits bacterial enzyme DNA gyrase Uses To treat urinary tract infections, skin infections, and respiratory infections (such as sinusitis, pneumonia, bronchitis), pulmonary infections in cystic fibrosis HOOC F NH Ciprofloxacin iv) Tetracyclines Examples Doxycycline, minocycline, oxytetracycline Inhibit the bacterial protein synthesis via interaction with the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome Uses Used in the treatment of peptic ulcer disease, infections of the respiratory tract, cholera, acne vulgaris. NH Oxytetracycline v) Aminoglycosides Examples Kanamycin, gentamicin, neomycin Bind to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, thus stopping bacteria from making proteins Uses Used to treat infections caused by gram-negative bacteria H N NH HO H N H N HO Kanamycin ) Antiseptics Examples Hydrogen peroxide, povidone-iodine, benzalkonium chloride Stop or slow down the growth of microorganisms – Applied to living tissue Uses To reduce the risk of infection during surgery and other procedures Povidone-iodine ) Disinfectants Examples Chlorine compounds, alcohol, Hydrogen peroxide. Stop or slow down the growth of microorganisms – Generally used on inanimate objects Hydrogen peroxide ) Antifertility drugs Example Synthetic oestrogen - Ethynylestradiol, Menstranol Synthetic Progesterone - Norethindrone, Norethynodrel These synthetic hormones that suppresses ovulation/ fertilisation. Uses Used in birth control pills.

Ethynylestradiol