Remedial measures to control Air Pollution . Establishment of industries away from the towns and cities . Increasing the length of the Chimneys in industries . Growing more plants and trees .
Use of non-conventional fuels like Biogas, CNG and LPG. . Use of Mass Transit System (Public Transport) . .
Water Pollution Definition “The introduction (directly or indirectly) of substances or energy into the marine environment (including estuaries) results in deleterious effects to living resources, hazards to human health, hindrance to marine activities. - United Nations, Types of Water Pollution i. Surface water pollution : Surface water includes natural water found on the earth’s surface, like rivers, lakes, lagoons and oceans. Hazardous substances coming into contact with this surface water, dissolving or mixing physically with the water can be called surface water pollution.
ii. Groundwater pollution : Groundwater contamination occurs when man- made products such as gasoline, oil and chemicals get into the ground water. In addition, untreated waste from septic tanks, toxic chemicals from underground storage tanks and leaky landfills contaminate groundwater. iii.
Microbiological pollution : In many communities around the world, people drink untreated water (straight from a pond,river or stream). Sometimes there is natural pollution caused by micro-organism like viruses and bacteria. This natural pollution causes both aquatic and human illness. iv.
Oxygen depletion pollution : When oxygen levels in the water are depleted, relatively harmless aerobic micro-organisms die and anaerobic micro-organisms begin to thrive. Some anaerobic micro-organisms are harmful to people, animals and the environment as they produce harmful toxins such as ammonia and sulfides. Causes of Water Pollution Water pollution is caused due to several reasons. Here are a few major causes of water pollution: .
Discharge of sewage and waste water : Sewage, garbage and liquid waste of households, agricultural runoff and effluents from factories are discharged into lakes and rivers. These wastes contain harmful chemicals and toxins which make the water poisonous for aquatic animals and plants. . Dumping of solid wastes : The dumping of solid wastes