geography 12 · Section 12

India : People and Economy Fig. . : India – Occupational Structure, Promoting Gender Sensitivity through ‘Beti Bachao–Beti Padhao’ Social Campaign The division of the society into male, female and transgender is believed to be natural and biological. But, in reality, there are social constructs and roles assigned to individuals which are reinforced by social institutions. Consequently, these biological differences become the basis of social differentiations, discriminations and exclusions. The exclusion of over half of the population becomes a serious handicap to any developing and civilised society. It is a global challenge, which has been acknowledged by the UNDP when it mentioned that, “If development is not engendered it is endangered” (HDR UNDP ). Discrimination, in general, and gender discrimination, in particular, is a crime against humanity. All efforts need to be made to address the denial of opportunities of education, employment, political representation, low wages for similar types of work, disregard to their entitlement to live a dignified life, etc. A society, which fails to acknowledge and take effective measures to remove such discriminations, cannot be treated as a civilised one. The Government of India has duly acknowleged the adverse impacts of these discriminations and launched a nationwide campaign called ‘Beti Bachao – Beti Padhao’. Occupational Categories The Census has divided the working population of India into four major categories: . Cultivators . Agricultural Labourers . Household Industrial Workers . Other Workers. Table . : Sectoral Composition of workforce in India, Categories Population Persons % to Male Female total Workers Primary , , , . , , , , , , Secondary , , , . , , , , Tertiary , , , . , , , , , , Reprint -