10.5    Rise of New Monarchies/ · Part 3

throne. This led to the War of the Roses. (They wore badges of white rose and red rose respectively, hence the name.) Modern World: The Age of Reason In this civil war, Henry Tudor emerged victorious and he started a new line of monarchy in England. He assumed the title Henry VII and entered into matrimonial alliance with Elizabeth of York family. This made England to emerge as a nation-state. Henry VII decided to remove the threat of the nobles to his rule. The nobles maintained private armies with special insignia called livery and maintenance. On becoming the king, Henry abolished this practice. He took the support of the merchant class and a few minority nobles to pass laws in the parliament. He created a special court in the Star Chamber to put the rebellious nobles on trial. The kingdom collected money as fine from the nobles that increased the royal revenue. The parliament gave the king right to collect taxes too. Henry VII, who ruled between and , established a firm control over the kingdom. Livery was the system of giving badges or uniform to the followers of nobles. Maintenance was the system of protecting the interests of the followers by the nobles. Star Chamber was the court of law created by Henry VII to try cases related to the property of the nobles. It is named after the stars painted on the ceiling of a room in Westminster Palace, where the proceedings of the court were conducted. The king strengthened his ties with Scotland by giving his elder daughter in marriage to the Scottish prince. He maintained matrimonial relationship with the Spain too by making his son marry the princess of Spain. France as Nation-State Burgundy, situated to the east of France, was a powerful state. Though nominally vassal to the king of France, it was a turbulent vassal, and the English intrigued with it against France. A good part of western France was for long in English possession. The Valois dynasty, which was ruling France,