Manifesto . The most famous rallying cry in this famous work is: “Workers of the world, unite! You have nothing to lose but your chains.” Marx believed that in just the same way as capitalism replaced feudalism, so socialism would eventually replace capitalism. Marx built his theory on a belief that there is a conflict of interests in the social order between the prosperous employing classes of people and the employed mass.
With the advance in education, this great employed mass will become more and more class-conscious and more and more firm in their antagonism to the class-conscious ruling minority. In some way the class-conscious workers would seize power, he prophesied, and inaugurate a new social state. In Marx published the first volume of Das Kapital , a critique of capitalism. In this work, he highlighted the exploitation of the proletariat (the working class) by the bourgeoisie (the capitalist class).
The International Working Men’s Association, founded in , was influenced by his ideas. Its purpose was to form an international working class alliance. Marx worked hard to exclude the moderates from the International and denounced other socialists such as Ferdinand Lassalle and Bakunin. Despite his efforts to consolidate the International it declined by .
However, many socialist Europe in Turmoil parties emerged in Europe: the German Social Democratic Party in , the Belgian Socialist Party in , the Paris Commune, and the establishment of a socialist party in . The Second International was founded in Paris in which influenced the socialist movement till the outbreak of the First World War. Chartism in England Chartist Movement In England the working class lined up behind the Chartist movement. The Chartist movement was not a riot or revolt.
It was an organised movement. The impact of French Revolution in England was the outbreak of militant labour agitation. Different streams of agitation converged to give rise to the Chartist movement. The chartists propagated their ideas through newspapers such as The Poor Man’s Guardian, The Charter, The Northern Star and