VECTOR ALGEBRA

builds a new story to the old structure. – HERMAN HANKEL v . Introduction In our day to day life, we come across many queries such as – What is your height? How should a football player hit the ball to give a pass to another player of his team?

Observe that a possible answer to the first query may be . meters, a quantity that involves only one value (magnitude) which is a real number. Such quantities are called scalars . However, an answer to the second query is a quantity (called force) which involves muscular strength (magnitude) and direction (in which another player is positioned).

Such quantities are called vectors. In mathematics, physics and engineering, we frequently come across with both types of quantities, namely, scalar quantities such as length, mass, time, distance, speed, area, volume, temperature, work, money, voltage, density, resistance etc. and vector quantities like displacement, velocity, acceleration, force, weight, momentum, electric field intensity etc. In this chapter, we will study some of the basic concepts about vectors, various operations on vectors, and their algebraic and geometric properties.

These two type of properties, when considered together give a full realisation to the concept of vectors, and lead to their vital applicability in various areas as mentioned above. . Some Basic Concepts Let ‘ l ’ be any straight line in plane or three dimensional space. This line can be given two directions by means of arrowheads.

A line with one of these directions prescribed is called a directed line (Fig . (i), (ii)).