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Activity Do you know that Sikkim was once called an Associate State of India? . Anti-Federal nature of Rajya Sabha There are three reasons and areas where critics have criticized it as being against the States’ rights and federal spirit of the Constitution. There is no equality principle followed in the distribution of seats in the Council of States. The seats are distributed on the basis of population of the individual States. The most populous State of Uttar Pradesh has seats whereas the smaller States like Nagaland have only one seat. But in any ideal federalism there should be equality of seat distribution in the upper house as seen in the United States where all the fifty State have two seats each in the upper House of Congress (Parliament) the Senate. Tamil Nadu has Seats in the Rajya Sabha Article of the Constitution enables the Rajya Sabha to transfer a subject from the State List to the Union list for the purpose of legislation by parliament on grounds of national interest. . Imbalanced Distribution of Powers The Union Government is endowed with comparatively greater powers both in terms of quantity and quality. Most of the lucrative sources of revenue have been allotted to the Union Government and the States have been rendered financially weaker and forever dependent on Central Government. The Union List has more subjects than the State List and in the Concurrent List ultimately the union power over the States will prevail. The residuary powers are given to the Union Government and not granted to the States as in federal countries like the United States. . Emergency powers The articles to in Part th of our Constitution provide for three kinds Constitution Strong Centre Weak States of emergencies in India. Article of the Constitution can proclaim National Emergency. Under article of the Constitution the President can impose emergency in any State on the grounds of the breakdown of Constitutional machinery in the State. Under article of the Constitution, the President can declare Financial Emergency. . Integrated Judiciary India establishes a single, integrated and hierarchical judiciary. The Supreme Court is the apex judicial institution and the High Courts and the Subordinate Courts function under its supervision and power. In contrast, the classical federalism is following the United States. . Election Commission The National Election Commission conducts elections not only to Parliament but also to the State legislatures. There is a unified election machinery in charge of both Parliament and State legislature elections. The Chief Electoral Officer under the control of the Election Commission conducts the elections to the State legislatures. In the ideal federal systems, there is a separate election machinery for conducting elections to the State legislature. State Election Commission is not part of the federal system in India. It conducts elections to Panchayat Bodies and Urban Local Bodies in accordance with 73rd and 74th Constitutional Amendments. State Election Commission ( .Unified Auditing India follows a unified auditing system for both the central and State governments. The Comptroller and Auditor-General as mentioned in article of the Constitution controls the entire financial system of the country.