The Citizenship (Amendment) Bill, was introduced in Lok Sabha on 27th February, that amends the Citizenship Act, . The Act allows a person to apply for citizenship by registration or naturalization if they fulfill specific qualifications. A person may apply for a certificate of naturalization if they have resided in India or have served the Government in India for twelve months immediately preceding the date of application. The Bill allows the Central Government to relax the requirement of twelve months stay or service if extraordinary circumstances exist.
Universal Adult Franchise: The universal adult franchise, which operates with the principle of ‘one person one vote.’ All Indians who are eighteen years of age or above is entitled to vote in the elections. There is no discrimination in voting rights for the citizens of India based on caste, religion, gender, race or status. Independent and Integrated Judicial System: In India, the judicial system is an autonomous organ kept free from the influence and intervention of the executive and the legislature in exercising its functions. The integrated Indian judicial system has the Supreme Court at the apex, the high courts and lower courts are subordinate to it.
Fundamental Rights: The Constitution of India asserts the basic principle that every individual is entitled to enjoy certain essential rights. The provisions for Fundamental Rights are mentioned in Part III of the Indian Constitution. Fundamental Rights are categorized into six heads; Firstly Right to Equality, Secondly Right to Freedom, Thirdly Right against Exploitation, Fourthly Right to Freedom of Religion, Fifthly Cultural and Educational Rights and lastly Right to Constitutional Remedies. Initially there was a provision for Right to Property under Article- which was also a Fundamental Right.
The 44th Amendment Act, had omitted Right to Property from the Fundamental Rights Part and added it as Article 300A and therefore is considered as a legal right. Fundamental rights provided in Part III of the Indian Constitution are judicially enforceable, thereby the individual can move the judiciary, if there is a violation on any of these rights. The right